Abstract: Organizational culture is a critical factor influencing employee behavior, satisfaction and long-term commitment within an organization. This research paper examines the impact of organizational culture on employee retention, focusing on how shared values, beliefs, leadership styles, communication patterns and workplace practices shape employees' decisions to remain with or leave an organization. In today’s competitive business environment, retaining talented employees has become a strategic priority, as high turnover rates can lead to significant financial and operational challenges. A positive and inclusive organizational culture fosters employee engagement, job satisfaction and loyalty, creating an environment where individuals feel valued and motivated to contribute to organizational success. Conversely, a toxic or misaligned culture often leads to dissatisfaction, low morale and increased turnover intentions. This study reviews existing literature and case studies to explore the key cultural elements that influence retention and highlights best practices for organizations aiming to strengthen their culture. The findings suggest that organizations investing in cultural development, transparent leadership, recognition programs and employee well-being initiatives are more successful in retaining top talent. The paper concludes by emphasizing the strategic role of HRM in nurturing an organizational culture that aligns with employee expectations and supports longterm retention goals

Abstract: The Indian Knowledge System (IKS) is a vast intellectual and philosophical tradition that has shaped human civilization for millennia. Rooted in ancient scriptures, scientific advancements and holistic wisdom, IKS encompasses diverse fields such as mathematics, astronomy, medicine, philosophy, linguistics and environmental sciences. It integrates spiritual and empirical knowledge, emphasizing harmony between nature, human life and cosmic principles. One of the most remarkable contributions of IKS is in mathematics, with concepts like zero, infinity and decimal notation originating in India. Astronomers such as Aryabhata and Brahmagupta made ground-breaking discoveries about planetary movements and calculus. In medicine, Ayurveda and Siddha systems provided holistic healing practices, emphasizing preventive care and natural remedies. Yoga and meditation, integral to IKS, continue to benefit mental and physical well-being globally. KS also played a crucial role in metallurgy, architecture and environmental sustainability. The Iron Pillar of Delhi, which has resisted corrosion for centuries, is a testament to India’s advanced metallurgical knowledge. Ancient Indian town planning, as seen in Harappan civilization, showcased an early understanding of urban infrastructure. Additionally, texts like Arthashastra provided insights into governance, economics and diplomacy. Despite its rich legacy, colonial influences and modern education systems led to the decline of IKS. However, renewed interest in indigenous knowledge is fostering its revival. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes the integration of IKS into mainstream education, promoting interdisciplinary learning and cultural pride. By rediscovering and integrating this vast repository of wisdom with modern scientific advancements, India can strengthen its global position in knowledge production. The Indian Knowledge System remains a beacon of holistic learning, offering timeless insights for sustainable development, ethical governance and human well-being in the 21st century.

Abstract: The very paper traces Bharati Mukherjee's novels, specifically focusing on her representations of Western India and the immigrant experience. Being a prominent voice in Indian diasporic literature, masterfully presents the problems of cultural displacement, adaptation and the negotiation of identity in a foreign. With brief analysis of novels like "Jasmine" and Desirable Daughters," this paper explores how author depicts the social, cultural and psychological impact of migration on individuals and families from Western India, especially women, in Western societies. It will analyze the characters' struggles with issues of class, gender and race, as well as their attempts to reconcile their Indian culture and custom with their new realities in the United States. By examining these very novels with diasporic lens, this paper aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the multilayered experiences of Indian immigrants and the lasting impact of cultural hybrid identity.

Abstract: Assia Djebar’s A Sister to Sheherazade uses fragmented narrative and female solidarity to portray the complex realities of Algerian women under colonial and patriarchal pressures. The novel’s nonlinear structure reflects psychological and cultural dislocation, while solidarity among women offers emotional resistance and collective strength. Drawing from feminist and postcolonial theories, this study explores how Djebar’s stylistic choices illuminate the intersections of trauma, identity and empowerment. By weaving personal memory and communal voice, Djebar constructs a narrative that challenges dominant forms and reclaims space for silenced experiences. Her work becomes both a literary and political act of resistance and resilience.

Abstract: The geopolitics of space technology has become a defining factor in international relations, shaping military strategies, economic power structures and diplomatic alliances. This paper explores how satellite technology and space exploration influence global power dynamics, examining both historical and contemporary developments. The evolution of space technology, from the Cold War-era space race to today’s multipolar competition, highlights the strategic importance of satellite infrastructure for intelligence, surveillance, and national security. The increasing militarization of space, including the development of anti-satellite weapons and dedicated space forces, raises concerns about the weaponization of this domain. Furthermore, the rise of private space companies has transformed space governance, introducing new regulatory and ethical challenges. The competition for space resources, such as lunar mining and asteroid exploitation, further complicates international legal frameworks, as existing treaties struggle to accommodate modern realities. This paper also explores case studies of key spacefaring nations, including China, India and the United States, to illustrate the geopolitical consequences of space advancements. While international cooperation, as seen in initiatives like the International Space Station and Artemis Accords, has promoted peaceful collaboration, growing tensions among major space players indicate that space could become a contested battleground in the near future. To ensure a sustainable and cooperative space environment, international policymakers must address regulatory gaps, promote equitable access to space, and mitigate security risks. As humanity moves toward increased space exploration and commercialization, balancing competition with cooperation will be crucial to maintaining peace and stability in outer space.

Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive and in-depth review of the various methods and approaches employed in English Language Teaching (ELT), analyzing their theoretical foundations, principles and practical applications. The study traces the evolution of methodologies Translation language teaching from the Grammar Method (GTM), which dominated language education for centuries, to more communicative and interactive approaches Communicative (CLT) and Language Task-Based such as Teaching Language Teaching (TBLT). Each method is meticulously examined in terms of its objectives, techniques, advantages and limitations, offering insights into their applicability in diverse learning environments. The paper underscores that no single method is universally effective, emphasizing the need for an eclectic approach that integrates techniques from multiple methods to meet the diverse linguistic, cognitive and emotional needs of learners. Furthermore, the paper highlights the importance of adapting methodologies to learners’ proficiency levels, learning styles and socio-cultural contexts. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for continuous research and innovation in language teaching to align with the changing dynamics of language acquisition and communication.